The Mass Rapid Transit System, known locally by the initialism MRT, is a rapid transit system in Singapore and the island nation's principal mode of railway transport. The system began operations in November 1987 with an initial 6 km (3.7 mi) extension consisting of five stations, after two decades of planning. The MRT network consists of 230 km (140 mi) of grade-separated route on standard gauge. There are 134 operational stations (of which 30 are interchange stations) spread across six lines arranged in a circle-radial topology. From the bustling city center around Orchard Road to the cultural districts of Chinatown, Little India and beyond, the MRT not only reduces congestion but is also instrumental in shaping Singapore's reputation as a smart and sustainable city.